Write short notes on (i) Sulphate attack (ii) Carbonation Sulphate attack: o Found in ground water and sub soil. are 2.65 and 2.7 respectively. REINFORCING. Except as otherwise shown, reinforcing shall be detailed in accordance with the latest ecfltion of the ACI Detoifing Manual and Instolled in accordance with the lotest edition of the CRSI Placing Manual. • Portland cement is a generic name , not a trade name , and has nothing to do with Portland • Modern Portland cement was invented in the 19th century , but related materials have been used in construction since Roman times • Mortar is a mixture of cement and sand • Concrete is a mixture of mortar and The mixture when placed in forms and allowed to cure becomes hard like stone. The specified design strength of concrete is 30 MPa at 28 days measured on standard cylinders. Fe 2O 3) – C4AF THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS Prof. Dr Elshafie Ahmed Gad Faculty of Applied Science Chemistry Dept. o Increase in volume of cement paste in concrete due to presence of sulphur containing chemicals. The properties of cement during hydration vary according to: Chemical composition Degree of fineness It is possible to manufacture different types of cement by changing the percentages of their raw materials. The specific gravity of FA and C.A. Important Notes – Concrete Page 1 IMPORTANT NOTES Concrete INTRODUCTION Concrete is the world’s most widely used construction product that consists of mainly Portland cement mixed with sand, water and gravel. Cement: raw materials, manufacture, composition and types, special cements, hydration, tests of cement, paste and mortar (lecture 1, 2 and 3) (5 hours). Water: mixing and curing requirements, tests ( lecture notes) (one hour). History of Cement: • The term “Portland cement” was first used in 1824 by Joseph Aspdin, a British cement-maker, because of the resemblance between concrete made from his cement and Portland stone, which was commonly used in buildings in Britain. Concrete Basicsaddresses the needs of unskilled and semi-skilled persons undertaking general concreting projects including home and handyman projects. The dry … Concrete Basicsaims to provide a clear, concise explanation of all aspects of making quality concrete; from the Materials and Properties involved through Planning, Preparation, Finishing and Curing. Concrete Technology / ch.2 Dr. Compound Composition of Clinker / Cement Four major compounds formed from the oxides under high temperature in the kiln Name (Oxide Notation) - Shorthand Tricalcium silicate (3 CaO.SiO 2) – C3S Dicalcium silicate (2 CaO.SiO 2) – C2S Tricalcium aluminate (3 CaO.Al 2O 3) – C3A Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (4 CaO.Al 2O 3. Concrete has high compressive strength but limited tensile strength, and rebar corrosion can cause concrete to spall. PDF | On Dec 9, 2015, Momen Marwan Mohsen published Cement Manufacturing | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Portland Cement Portland cement is made by mixing substances containing CaCO3 with substances containing SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and heating them to a clinker which is subsequently ground to powder and mixed with 2-6 % gypsum Raw Materials Necessary for Portland Cement Manufacture … It is a mixture of cement, water, sand and gravel or crushed aggregates. Step 01: Data to be collected Design a concrete mix for construction of an elevated water tank. GENERAL NOTES - CONCRETE 1. CIV-E1010 Building Materials Technology (5 cr) (3/31) 5.1 Basic ingredients of concrete Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate (gravel or crushed rocks) in which the cement and water have hardened by a chemical reaction – hydration – to Concrete is the most widely man-made construction material. • Portland cement hardens and adheres after being mixed with water. Basil Salah ١ Chapter Two Types of Cement . Concrete is also known as an artificial stone as it possesses many similar characteristics of …